Farms & Agriculture Bookkeeping in Montana

Montana has no statewide general sales tax, so the agricultural exemption certificate regime that governs farm purchasing in most states simply does not exist here. No general sales tax. Resort communities may levy a local resort tax on lodging and certain retail. That removes a substantial administrative burden and a genuine cash cost on equipment. What remains is ordinary farm cost accounting — inputs to the enterprise that consumed them, and capital equipment separated from operating expense.

Farm payroll in Montana runs through the Montana Department of Labor and Industry like any other employer registration, but agricultural employment carries its own rules and they are the ones that cause problems: seasonal and migrant labour with concentrated hiring, overtime and wage rules that treat agriculture differently from other industries in some states, and where an operation uses a temporary agricultural visa program, an entirely separate set of wage and housing obligations. Records have to support all of it and have to be built as the season runs — a harvest crew is not something anyone reconstructs in March. Crew leaders and custom operators paid as contractors need their information returns handled at the time. With no Montana sales tax in play, a custom operator's invoice raises no taxability question here, which removes a complication that farms in most states have to think about.

With no statewide general sales tax in Montana, there is no rate to apply or reconcile — the liability account most businesses get wrong simply does not exist here. No general sales tax. Resort communities may levy a local resort tax on lodging and certain retail.

Registering to do business in Montana runs through the Montana Secretary of State and employer accounts through the Montana Department of Labor and Industry. Because Montana has no sales tax account to maintain, there is one less registration to let lapse than in most states.